17 research outputs found
An Abstraction Model for Semantic Segmentation Algorithms
Semantic segmentation is a process of classifying each pixel in the image.
Due to its advantages, sematic segmentation is used in many tasks such as
cancer detection, robot-assisted surgery, satellite image analysis,
self-driving car control, etc. In this process, accuracy and efficiency are the
two crucial goals for this purpose, and there are several state of the art
neural networks. In each method, by employing different techniques, new
solutions have been presented for increasing efficiency, accuracy, and reducing
the costs. The diversity of the implemented approaches for semantic
segmentation makes it difficult for researches to achieve a comprehensive view
of the field. To offer a comprehensive view, in this paper, an abstraction
model for the task of semantic segmentation is offered. The proposed framework
consists of four general blocks that cover the majority of majority of methods
that have been proposed for semantic segmentation. We also compare different
approaches and consider the importance of each part in the overall performance
of a method.Comment: 6 pages 2 figure
A General Framework for Saliency Detection Methods
Saliency detection is one of the most challenging problems in the fields of
image analysis and computer vision. Many approaches propose different
architectures based on the psychological and biological properties of the human
visual attention system. However, there is not still an abstract framework,
which summarized the existed methods. In this paper, we offered a general
framework for saliency models, which consists of five main steps:
pre-processing, feature extraction, saliency map generation, saliency map
combination, and post-processing. Also, we study different saliency models
containing each level and compare their performance together. This framework
helps researchers to have a comprehensive view of studying new methods.Comment: 5 pages 3 figure
Adaptive Blind Watermarking Using Psychovisual Image Features
With the growth of editing and sharing images through the internet, the
importance of protecting the images' authorship has increased. Robust
watermarking is a known approach to maintaining copyright protection.
Robustness and imperceptibility are two factors that are tried to be maximized
through watermarking. Usually, there is a trade-off between these two
parameters. Increasing the robustness would lessen the imperceptibility of the
watermarking. This paper proposes an adaptive method that determines the
strength of the watermark embedding in different parts of the cover image
regarding its texture and brightness. Adaptive embedding increases the
robustness while preserving the quality of the watermarked image. Experimental
results also show that the proposed method can effectively reconstruct the
embedded payload in different kinds of common watermarking attacks. Our
proposed method has shown good performance compared to a recent technique.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
Twenty-three unsolved problems in hydrology (UPH) â a community perspective
This paper is the outcome of a community initiative to identify major unsolved scientific problems in hydrology motivated by a need for stronger harmonisation of research efforts. The procedure involved a public consultation through on-line media, followed by two workshops through which a large number of potential science questions were collated, prioritised, and synthesised. In spite of the diversity of the participants (230 scientists in total), the process revealed much about community priorities and the state of our science: a preference for continuity in research questions rather than radical departures or redirections from past and current work. Questions remain focussed on process-based understanding of hydrological variability and causality at all space and time scales.
Increased attention to environmental change drives a new emphasis on understanding how change propagates across interfaces within the hydrological system and across disciplinary boundaries. In particular, the expansion of the human footprint raises a new set of questions related to human interactions with nature and water cycle feedbacks in the context of complex water management problems. We hope that this reflection and synthesis of the 23 unsolved problems in hydrology will help guide research efforts for some years to come
Evaluation of the anti-inflammatory activity of fisetin-loaded nanoparticles in an in vitro model of osteoarthritis
Abstract Cartilage lesions, especially osteoarthritis (OA), are a common health problem, causing pain and disability in various age groups, principally in older adults and athletes. One of the main challenges to be considered in cartilage tissue repair is the regeneration of cartilage tissue in an active inflammatory environment. Fisetin has various biological effects including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, apoptotic, and antiproliferative activities. The only disadvantages of fisetin in the pharmaceutical field are its instability and low solubility in aqueous media. This study is aimed at preparing chitosan (CS)-based nanoparticles to yield fisetin with improved bioavailability features. Then, the effect of fisetin-loaded nanoparticles (FNPs) on inflammatory responses in interleukin-1ÎČ (IL-1ÎČ) pretreated human chondrocytes has also been investigated. FNPs presented an average size of 363.1â±â17.2 nm and a zeta potential ofâ+â17.7â±â0.1 mV with encapsulation efficiency (EE) and loading capacity (LC) of 78.79â±â7.7% and 37.46â±â6.6%, respectively. The viability of human chondrocytes was not affected by blank nanoparticles (BNPs) up to a concentration of 2000 Όg/mL. In addition, the hemolysis results clearly showed that FNPs did not damage the red blood cells (RBCs) and had good hemocompatibility within the range investigated. FNPs, similar to fisetin, were able to inhibit the inflammatory responses induced by IL-1ÎČ such as the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) while increasing the production of an anti-inflammatory cytokine such as interleukin-10 (IL-10). Overall, the in vitro evaluation results of the anti-inflammatory activity showed that FNPs can serve as delivery systems to transfer fisetin to treat inflammation in OA